Every gadget,
one brain.

An ESP32-S3R8 board (8 MB octal PSRAM, 16 MB flash) with a 240x240 ST7789 SPI LCD, an ES7210 ADC with two microphones, an ES8311 DAC, NS4150B amp and speaker, a QMI8658 6-axis IMU, TF slot, battery charger and BOOT/PLUS/PWR keys. A touch variant (ESP32-S3-Touch-LCD-1.54) adds a CST816 touchscreen.

An ESP32-S3R8 board (8 MB PSRAM, 16 MB flash) with a 1.75-inch round 466x466 AMOLED driven by a CO5300 over QSPI, a CST9217 capacitive touch controller, a dual microphone array, speaker connector, QMI8658 6-axis IMU, PCF85063 RTC, AXP2101 PMU with Li-ion charging, and a TF slot. The 1.75C variant adds an onboard speaker.

An ESP32-S3R8 board (16 MB flash, 8 MB PSRAM) with a 2.8-inch 240x320 IPS touchscreen (ST7789 panel, CST328 5-point touch), PCM5101 audio DAC with an included 8-ohm 2W speaker, QMI8658 IMU, PCF85063 RTC, TF slot and Li-ion charging. It exposes UART and I2C headers and native USB.

Announced in August 2023, the BOX-3 pairs an ESP32-S3 with 16 MB quad flash and 16 MB octal PSRAM, a 2.4-inch 320x240 SPI touchscreen, two digital microphones, a speaker and USB-C, plus a high-density PCIe-style connector for accessories like the DOCK (Pmod headers) and SENSOR (temp/humidity, IR, radar) bases. It runs ESP-SR for offline wake word and over 200 custom command words, and supports Matter.

The third-generation M5Stack Core: ESP32-S3 at 240 MHz, 16 MB flash, 8 MB PSRAM, a 2.0-inch 320x240 touch IPS, GC0308 0.3 MP camera, LTR-553 proximity/light sensor, BMI270 IMU, BMM150 magnetometer, BM8563 RTC, ES7210 dual mics and an AW88298 amp with 1W speaker. It has an AXP2101 PMU, a 500 mAh battery, microSD, and ships with a DIN-rail base that accepts 9-24V.

The ESP32-P4 is a dual-core RISC-V SoC at up to 400 MHz with FPU and AI instruction extensions, plus a 40 MHz LP core, 768 KB on-chip SRAM and support for external PSRAM. It adds MIPI-DSI and MIPI-CSI with an integrated ISP (up to 1080p), an H.264 encoder (1080p@30fps), a pixel processing accelerator, USB 2.0 OTG High-Speed, Ethernet and 55 GPIOs. It has no radio of its own: Wi-Fi/BLE comes from a companion ESP32-C/S chip over SDIO/SPI via ESP-Hosted.

The ESP32-C6 is Espressif's first Wi-Fi 6 SoC: a 160 MHz RISC-V core plus a 20 MHz low-power RISC-V core, 512 KB SRAM, and radios for 2.4 GHz 802.11ax, Bluetooth 5 (LE) and IEEE 802.15.4. That last radio makes it a native Thread or Zigbee end device and a Matter-ready building block, and Wi-Fi 6 Target Wake Time enables long battery life while staying connected. It also commonly serves as the wireless co-processor for the radio-less ESP32-P4.

Waveshare's ESP32-P4-WIFI6-Touch-LCD-7B pairs an ESP32-P4 (32 MB in-package PSRAM, 32 MB NOR flash) with an ESP32-C6-MINI over SDIO for Wi-Fi 6 and BLE 5, driving a 7-inch 1024x600 IPS panel with 5-point GT911 capacitive touch. It adds an ES8311 codec, ES7210 echo-cancellation front end with dual mics, a speaker header, MIPI-CSI camera input (a -C version ships with an OV5647), USB 2.0 OTG HS, a TF slot, and PH2.0 headers for RS485, CAN, I2C and UART.

The XIAO ESP32S3 Sense is a 21 x 17.8 mm board built on the ESP32-S3R8 (dual-core Xtensa LX7 at 240 MHz, 8 MB PSRAM, 8 MB flash) with Wi-Fi, BLE 5 and LiPo charging. A detachable expansion board adds a camera sensor, a digital microphone and a microSD slot, making it a popular platform for tiny vision and voice ML projects. Seeed notes the original OV2640 camera has been discontinued and newer units ship with an OV3660.

SenseCAP Watcher W1-A combines an ESP32-S3 (8 MB PSRAM, 32 MB flash) with a Himax WiseEye2 HX6538 AI chip (Arm Cortex-M55 + Ethos-U55 NPU) for on-device vision. It has an OV5647 120-degree camera, a 1.45-inch 412x412 round touchscreen, a scroll wheel, microphone, 1 W speaker, RGB LED, microSD slot, a Grove I2C port and a 400 mAh backup battery. Tasks are assigned by voice or the SenseCraft app, and alerts can go out over UART, an HTTP proxy, Home Assistant or Node-RED.

The SenseCAP Indicator is a 3.95-inch 480x480 capacitive touchscreen device driven by two MCUs: an ESP32-S3 (240 MHz, 8 MB flash, Wi-Fi and BLE 5) handling the display and networking, and an RP2040 handling two Grove ports (I2C and ADC), a buzzer and a microSD slot. It is USB-C powered with no battery and fully open source. The base D1 omits extras; the D1S adds SCD41 CO2 and SGP40 tVOC sensors, the D1L adds an SX1262 LoRa radio, and the D1Pro has both.

The T-Deck Plus is an ESP32-S3 (16 MB flash, 8 MB PSRAM) handheld with a 2.8-inch 320x240 IPS screen, a physical QWERTY keyboard (run by its own ESP32-C3), a trackball, microphone, speaker, microSD, GPS and a built-in 2000 mAh battery. Its SX1262 LoRa radio (433/868/915 MHz, up to +22 dBm) makes it a standalone off-grid messenger with Meshtastic or MeshCore firmware, and it is programmable with Arduino, PlatformIO or MicroPython.

The T-Lora Pager is an ESP32-S3 (16 MB flash, 8 MB PSRAM) handheld with a 2.33-inch 480x222 IPS display, QWERTY keyboard, rotary encoder, u-blox MIA-M10Q GPS, ST25R3916 NFC reader, BHI260AP smart IMU, RTC, ES8311 audio with headphone jack, haptics and TI battery charger/fuel gauge. It ships with an SX1262 sub-GHz LoRa radio at 433/868/915/920 MHz, with LR1121 and 2.4 GHz nRF24L01 options, and is supported by Meshtastic, MeshCore and LilyGO's LilyGoLib for Arduino and ESP-IDF.

The T-Watch S3 is a programmable wrist device with an ESP32-S3 (16 MB flash, 8 MB PSRAM), a 1.54-inch 240x240 IPS touchscreen, Wi-Fi, BLE 5 and an SX1262 LoRa radio at 433/868/915 MHz. It includes an AXP2101 PMU, BMA423/BMA456 accelerometer, PCF8563 RTC, DRV2605 haptic driver, PDM microphone, MAX98357A speaker amp and an IR transmitter. It runs Arduino, ESP-IDF or MicroPython and is supported as a Meshtastic node.

Adafruit product 5483 is the ESP32-S3 TFT Feather: a 240 MHz dual-core ESP32-S3 with Wi-Fi and BLE, 4 MB flash and 2 MB PSRAM, native USB, and a 1.14-inch 240x135 IPS TFT. It has LiPo charging, a battery fuel gauge (MAX17048 on current revisions), a STEMMA QT/Qwiic I2C port with switchable power, a NeoPixel, and deep sleep around 80-100 uA. It works with CircuitPython, Arduino and ESP-IDF and plugs into the whole FeatherWing ecosystem.

The Qualia ESP32-S3 uses an S3 module with 16 MB flash and 8 MB octal PSRAM to drive 'dot clock' RGB-666 TTL displays through the 40-pin connector, refreshing the full frame at about 30 FPS. It wires the panel's capacitive touch to I2C, adds a PCA9554 I/O expander for display init, a TPS61169 constant-current backlight driver, a STEMMA QT port and USB-C. Known-working panels include 2.1-inch 480x480 round, 4-inch 720x720 square and 4.6-inch 960x320 bar displays (sold separately).

Raspberry Pi Pico 2 is built on the RP2350, which lets you boot either dual Arm Cortex-M33 or dual open-hardware Hazard3 RISC-V cores at 150 MHz. It has 520 KB SRAM, 4 MB flash, 26 GPIO (3 ADC), 12 PIO state machines, USB 1.1 host/device, and a security architecture with Arm TrustZone, signed boot, 8 KB OTP and a hardware TRNG. Raspberry Pi commits to producing it until at least January 2040; the Pico 2 W variant adds 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.2.

WCH's CH32V003 is a roughly ten-cent RISC-V (RV32EC) microcontroller at 48 MHz with 16 KB flash and 2 KB RAM, available down to an SOP-8 package. ch32fun, by Charles Lohr (cnlohr), is an MIT-licensed environment that skips the vendor HAL so a blink binary is about 500 bytes, and it now supports many other WCH parts (CH32X035, V20x, V30x, CH5xx BLE chips). Its minichlink programmer works with WCH-LinkE and DIY programmers and offers gdbserver debugging and fast printf over the single-wire SWIO pin.

xiaozhi-esp32 is an MIT-licensed voice chatbot firmware (about 30k GitHub stars) for ESP32, C3, C5, C6, S3 and P4 boards, with 171 release variants across 138 board directories. It does offline wake-word detection with ESP-SR, streams Opus audio over WebSocket or MQTT+UDP to an ASR/LLM/TTS backend or a realtime model, and supports displays, cameras, speaker recognition and 4G. Device features are exposed as MCP tools over JSON-RPC 2.0, and the backend can add cloud-side MCP tools too.

ESP-Claw is Espressif's Apache-2.0 'Chat Coding' agent framework for ESP32-S3, P4, C5 and S31 boards, inspired by OpenClaw and written in C. You define device behavior by chatting over IM (Telegram, QQ, Feishu, WeChat); the LLM writes Lua scripts that are loaded dynamically and then run locally as deterministic rules, even offline. It includes an event router, structured memory, skills, a scheduler, and MCP in both directions: cap_mcp_client calls remote MCP tools and cap_mcp_server exposes the device's capabilities over MCP SSE with mDNS discovery.

ESP-IDF is the official open-source development framework for the ESP32, ESP32-S, -C, -H and -P series, built on FreeRTOS with drivers, Wi-Fi/BLE/802.15.4 stacks, OTA, security features and a component manager. Its idf.py front end wraps CMake, Ninja and esptool for configuring, building, flashing and monitoring. Recent releases ship an ESP-IDF MCP server (idf.py mcp-server) with tools to set the target, build, flash, clean and create projects, plus resources for project config, build status and connected devices.

PlatformIO is an open-source, cross-platform embedded build system and IDE layer that auto-installs toolchains, frameworks and libraries per project from a single platformio.ini. It lists 40+ development platforms and 2,000+ boards, and its Core CLI covers building, uploading, serial monitoring, unit testing, static analysis and remote development. Its VS Code extension has been installed by millions of developers.

MicroPython is a lean, MIT-licensed implementation of Python 3 that runs on bare-metal microcontrollers in as little as 256 KB of code space and 16 KB of RAM. It provides an interactive REPL, an on-device filesystem, and hardware modules like machine for pins, I2C, SPI and PWM, with ports for ESP32, RP2040/RP2350, STM32 and more. The mpremote tool lets you run code, copy files and mount host directories over USB serial.

CircuitPython is Adafruit's education-focused derivative of MicroPython, supported on over 600 microcontroller boards. Boards show up as a CIRCUITPY USB drive: save code.py and it runs immediately, with a serial REPL and a library bundle of 500+ drivers. CircuitPython 8 added a Web Workflow with a REST API for editing files over Wi-Fi, and the Blinka library brings the same hardware APIs to Linux SBCs like the Raspberry Pi.

Raspberry Pi 5 uses a Broadcom BCM2712 (quad Cortex-A76 at 2.4GHz, VideoCore VII GPU) with 1GB to 16GB of LPDDR4X, plus Raspberry Pi's own RP1 I/O controller. It adds a PCIe 2.0 x1 lane for NVMe or AI accelerators, dual 4Kp60 HDMI, two 4-lane MIPI camera/display ports, Gigabit Ethernet with PoE+ support, two USB 3.0 ports, dual-band Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 5.0, a real-time clock and a power button.

Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W puts the RP3A0 system-in-package (quad Cortex-A53 at 1GHz plus 512MB SDRAM) on the 65 x 30mm Zero footprint, up to five times faster than the original Zero. It has 2.4GHz 802.11n Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 4.2/BLE, mini HDMI, a micro USB OTG port, a CSI-2 camera connector and an unpopulated 40-pin header.

The AI HAT+ 2 pairs a Hailo-10H accelerator rated at 40 TOPS (INT4) with 8GB of dedicated on-board RAM, so small LLMs and vision-language models run on the HAT and leave the Pi 5's CPU and memory free. Vision performance is comparable to the 26 TOPS AI HAT+, and it plugs into Raspberry Pi's camera software stack via PCIe.

Arduino UNO Q pairs a Qualcomm Dragonwing QRB2210 (quad Cortex-A53 at 2.0GHz, Adreno GPU, dual ISP) running Debian with an STM32U585 Cortex-M33 microcontroller for real-time I/O, all in the classic UNO form factor. It ships with 2GB RAM/16GB eMMC or 4GB/32GB, Wi-Fi 5, Bluetooth 5.1, an 8x13 LED matrix, a Qwiic connector and a single USB-C port that handles power and peripherals.

The Jetson Orin Nano Super Developer Kit delivers up to 67 INT8 TOPS from an Ampere GPU with 1024 CUDA cores and 32 Tensor cores, a 6-core Cortex-A78AE CPU, and 8GB of 128-bit LPDDR5 at 102GB/s, all in a 7-25W envelope. It boots from microSD or NVMe and runs the JetPack (Ubuntu-based) stack with CUDA, TensorRT and Isaac ROS.

Seeed's reComputer J4012 packages an NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB module (rated 100 TOPS) in an enclosed edge computer with a 128GB NVMe SSD and JetPack 5.1.1 preinstalled. The carrier adds 4x USB 3.2, HDMI, Gigabit Ethernet, M.2 Key E for Wi-Fi, M.2 Key M for storage, an RTC, a CAN bus and a 40-pin header.

Hailo-8L is an entry-level edge AI accelerator rated at 13 TOPS with a typical power draw of 1.5W and no need for external DRAM. It comes as M.2 and PCIe modules, is rated for -40 to 85C, and is the chip inside the Raspberry Pi AI Kit and the 13 TOPS AI HAT+.

Coral started as Google's Edge TPU line (USB Accelerator, M.2 and Mini PCIe cards, Dev Board): a 4 TOPS, roughly 2W ASIC that runs quantized TensorFlow Lite models. The old product site now redirects to developers.google.com/coral, which presents Coral NPU: open-source, Apache 2.0 RISC-V accelerator IP from Google Research, co-designed with Google DeepMind, with an MLIR/IREE toolchain for PyTorch, JAX and LiteRT.

BeagleY-AI uses a Texas Instruments AM67A: a quad Cortex-A53 at 1.4GHz, dual C7x DSPs with a matrix multiply accelerator rated at 4 TOPS, and a Cortex-R5 core for real-time I/O. The board has 4GB LPDDR4, Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5.4, Gigabit Ethernet (PoE+ via add-on), four USB 3 ports, PCIe Gen3 x1, two MIPI CSI inputs, three simultaneous display outputs and a Raspberry Pi-style 40-pin header.

Milk-V is a Shenzhen maker of RISC-V hardware that covers a very wide range. At the small end is the Milk-V Duo, a chewing-gum-sized Linux board (CV1800B, dual C906 cores at 1GHz/700MHz, 0.5 TOPS INT8 TPU) from about $5; the Duo 256M and Duo S add a Cortex-A53 you can switch to at boot. At the big end are the Jupiter2 (SpacemiT K3, 8-core X100 at up to 2.4GHz, RVA23, up to 60 TOPS, up to 32GB LPDDR5) and the Titan Mini-ITX board (UltraRISC UR-DP1000, 8 cores at 2.0GHz, DDR4 up to 64GB, PCIe Gen4 x16 slot).

The Framework Desktop is a 4.5-liter DIY desktop built on AMD Ryzen AI Max (Strix Halo) with soldered LPDDR5x-8000 on a 256-bit bus. The top Max+ 395 config has 16 Zen 5 cores, a 40-CU Radeon 8060S iGPU, a 50 TOPS NPU and 128GB of memory, most of which the GPU can use, so it can run 70B-class LLMs locally. It has a standard Mini-ITX mainboard, 2x NVMe, 2x USB4, 5GbE, Wi-Fi 7 and a 400W FlexATX PSU, and Framework now also offers a newer Max 400-series version with up to 192GB.

balena is a platform for deploying and managing fleets of embedded Linux devices. balenaOS runs Docker-compatible containers on 80+ device types, including Raspberry Pi and Jetson, and balenaCloud provides remote updates, monitoring, logs, SSH, env vars and a public URL per device. openBalena is the self-hostable open-source server, the company also makes the popular balenaEtcher image flasher, and the first 10 devices on balenaCloud are free.

The Analogue Pocket pairs an Intel/Altera Cyclone V (49K logic elements, 3.4Mbit BRAM) with a secondary Cyclone 10, a 3.5-inch 1600x1440 LCD, and native Game Boy/GBC/GBA cartridge slots. Its openFPGA framework lets third parties ship hardware-level cores (NES, Genesis, arcade, even PDP-1 Spacewar!) loaded from microSD.

The ModRetro Chromatic is an FPGA recreation of the Game Boy Color that plays original and new cartridges, built on a Gowin FPGA with a choice of Gorilla Glass or sapphire display. Its FPGA design is open-source (GPL-3.0 Verilog, built on the Game Boy MiSTer core) and reflashable over USB.

MiSTer is an open-source project that recreates classic computers, consoles, and arcade machines on the Terasic DE10-Nano (Intel Cyclone V SoC) with HDMI out, expandable via a 128MB SDRAM module, USB hub, and digital or analog I/O boards. An ARM Linux side handles the menu and file loading while the FPGA fabric runs cycle-accurate cores.

Playdate is Panic's handheld with a 1-bit reflective Sharp Memory LCD and a side crank as analog input. Its free official SDK offers both Lua and C APIs plus a Simulator with profiling for macOS, Windows, and Linux, and sideloading is supported directly.

The Anbernic RG35XXSP is a clamshell (Game Boy Advance SP style) emulation handheld that runs custom firmware such as muOS, Knulli, and Batocera-based builds alongside stock. Configuration and your game library live on the microSD card.

The Retroid Pocket 5 is an Android 13 handheld with a Snapdragon 865 (Adreno 650), 8GB LPDDR4x, 128GB UFS 3.1, a 5.5-inch 1080p AMOLED, Hall-effect sticks, and a 5000mAh battery with active cooling. It reaches into GameCube, PS2, Dreamcast, PSP, and 3DS territory.

The Miyoo Mini Plus is an ultra-compact vertical handheld famous for the OnionOS custom firmware, with a 3.5-inch IPS screen and Wi-Fi. Its entire system, ROM library, themes, and saves live on a single microSD card.

TinyTapeout makes it cheap and accessible to fabricate your own ASIC tile on a shared multi-project shuttle, using open PDKs like SkyWater SKY130 (plus IHP and GF shuttles). You submit a small digital or analog design in Verilog, or draw logic in the Wokwi-based tool, and get silicon back on a demo board.

Reachy Mini is a kit-built companion robot with a 6-DOF Stewart-platform head, a rotating body and two animated antennas, all driven by Dynamixel XL330/XC330 servos. It has a 12MP wide-angle camera (Sony IMX708), a 4-mic array based on the XMOS XVF3800, and a 5W speaker. The Wireless version adds a Raspberry Pi CM4, battery and Wi-Fi; the Lite runs everything from your computer over USB.

LeRobot gives you one Python Robot interface across low-cost arms, mobile bases and humanoids, plus the LeRobotDataset format (Parquet + MP4) hosted on the Hugging Face Hub. It covers the whole loop: teleoperate, record, train and evaluate. Policies include ACT, Diffusion, VQ-BeT, Pi0/Pi0.5, SmolVLA and GR00T. Natively supported hardware includes SO-100/101, LeKiwi, Koch, HopeJR, Reachy 2 and Unitree G1.

SO-101 is the open-source arm from TheRobotStudio and Hugging Face. It is designed as a leader/follower pair: you move the leader by hand and the follower copies you, which is how you record imitation-learning data. Every joint is a Feetech STS3215 serial bus servo on a single daisy-chained bus. The follower can use 12V 30 kg.cm servos for more torque. Seeed's Pro motor kit has the servos, adapter board and cables but no 3D-printed parts.

LeKiwi is a low-cost mobile manipulator from UIUC's SIGRobotics club: an SO-101 arm on a 3-wheel kiwi-drive base with omni wheels, so it can slide in any direction. A Raspberry Pi 5 on board streams joint states and two RGB cameras (front and wrist) to a laptop. Builds come in 5V, 12V and wired versions, and the published full BOM is about $480-$500.

HOPEJr is a full-size open humanoid platform from TheRobotStudio (Rob Knight) and Hugging Face. It was announced in May 2025 at roughly $3,000, with 66 actuated degrees of freedom. The repo has the full humanoid body and URDF (now updated for Robstride 02 motors), plus a newer arm-and-hand package teleoperated by a wearable exoskeleton and data glove with 1:1 joint mapping. The arm and dexterous hand are integrated into LeRobot for recording, training and inference.

Open Duck Mini v2 is a miniature bipedal recreation of Disney's BDX droid, about 42cm tall with legs extended, with a core BOM under $400. It runs on a Raspberry Pi Zero 2W with Feetech STS3215 serial bus servos and a BNO055 IMU. It walks using reinforcement-learning policies trained in MuJoCo (now MuJoCo Playground) and exported to ONNX. Expression features such as a projector, speaker and antennas are add-ons.

Stack-chan is an open-source palm-sized robot created by Shinya Ishikawa: an M5Stack (Basic, Core2 or CoreS3) shows an animated face on a 2-servo pan/tilt body. Its firmware is TypeScript/JavaScript on the Moddable SDK, supports Feetech, Futaba, Dynamixel and PWM servos, and does cloud TTS (VOICEVOX, ElevenLabs). M5Stack now sells an official co-created StackChan built on the CoreS3 (ESP32-S3) with touch, NFC, IR and RGB LEDs.

Vector is Anki's 2018 home robot ($249.99 at launch) with an HD camera, four microphones, touch sensing, an IPS face display and a lift arm, built on a Qualcomm Snapdragon 212. Anki went bankrupt in 2019. wire-pod is a free, self-hosted voice server that makes every Vector 1.0/2.0 work again with no subscription, including production units that were never unlocked. It runs on Linux, Windows or macOS (x86_64 or aarch64).

Bittle X is Petoi's servo-driven quadruped on the ESP32-based BiBoard with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and an offline voice module (35+ built-in voice commands plus up to 10 custom ones). It runs the open-source OpenCat firmware and can be programmed with blocks, Python or C++. It assembles in about an hour, an optional gripper arm is available, and a Raspberry Pi can be mounted for more compute.

Go2 is a ~15kg quadruped with Unitree's 4D LiDAR L2 (360x96 degree view), Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth and 4G, about 2-4 hours of runtime, and up to ~5 m/s in lab tests. Tiers are Air ($1,600), Pro ($2,800) and X ($4,500), plus a quote-only EDU. G1 is a 1.32m, ~35kg humanoid with 23-43 joints, a depth camera, 3D LiDAR, a 4-mic array and optional Dex3-1 force-controlled hands, from $13.5K.

TurtleBot 4 is a fully assembled ROS 2 robot built on the iRobot Create 3 base, with a Raspberry Pi 4B (4GB) and an RPLIDAR A1. The Standard model has an OAK-D Pro, OLED screen and a payload plate; the Lite has an OAK-D Lite. It carries 9kg (15kg custom), tops out at 0.31 m/s and runs about 2.5-4 hours. Every sensor is exposed as a networked ROS 2 topic, and it ships with Gazebo simulation and tutorials.

Create 3 is iRobot's educational robot built on the Roomba platform without cleaning hardware. It has cliff, bump, IR, optical-flow and wheel sensors plus docking, wall-follow and hazard reflexes. Its firmware is entirely ROS 2: sensors publish topics, actuators are driven through topics, actions and parameters. It also offers Wi-Fi, BLE Python programming and a web server, and you can add a Raspberry Pi, Jetson or NavQPlus as a compute board.

UGV Rover is a 6-wheel, 4WD all-metal robot with two controllers: a Raspberry Pi 4B/5 (or Jetson Orin Nano in other kits) for AI and planning, and an ESP32 for motors and sensors. The ROS 2 kit adds a D500 360-degree lidar and an OAK-D Lite depth camera. It runs ROS 2 Humble in Docker with Gmapping and Cartographer mapping, reaches 1.3 m/s, and has a browser control app and JupyterLab tutorials.

UGV Beast is a tracked all-metal robot with independent stainless-steel suspension and the same dual-controller design as Waveshare's other UGVs: a Raspberry Pi 4B/5 for vision and planning, and an ESP32 for motion and sensors. The PT version adds a 2-axis pan-tilt (ST3215 30 kg.cm bus servos) with a 5MP 160-degree camera and a high-brightness LED. It runs on 3x 18650 cells, turns in place, and has 1020 aluminium rails for mounting lidar or other add-ons.

myCobot 280 Pi is Elephant Robotics' compact 6-axis arm with a 280mm working radius and 250g payload, with a Raspberry Pi 4B in the base. It supports drag-and-teach, gamepad and app control, Blockly, ROS1/ROS2 and Python. Grippers, suction pumps and camera modules are available as accessories.

UFACTORY Lite 6 is a 6-DoF table-top cobot with a 440mm reach, 600g payload, plus or minus 0.5mm repeatability and 500 mm/s speed. It has brushless DC joint motors, a built-in control box and collision detection. Its controller hosts the browser-based UFACTORY Studio, and it talks Modbus TCP with I/O ports at the base and end effector.

Crazyflie 2.1 Brushless is Bitcraze's brushless upgrade to its open quadcopter. It has 08028 10000KV motors with BLHeli_S/Bluejay ESCs, about 10 minutes of flight and a 40g recommended payload. It runs an STM32F405 main MCU plus an nRF51822 radio MCU, with a BMI088 IMU and BMP388 barometer, and talks to a Crazyradio over a 2.4GHz link tested past 1km line of sight. Expansion decks add optical flow, Lighthouse/Loco positioning, an AI deck and more.

ArduPilot (started 2009, GPLv3) and PX4 (BSD-3, under the Dronecode Foundation / Linux Foundation) are the two dominant open-source autopilot stacks. They run on Pixhawk-class flight controllers and support multirotors, planes, VTOL, rovers, boats and subs (ArduSub). Both speak MAVLink, offer ROS 2 bridges (PX4 via uXRCE-DDS), and include SITL simulation that runs the real flight code on a desktop.

OpenBot started at Intel Labs (Matthias Mueller and Vladlen Koltun, 2020): a small 3D-printed or DIY electric car body, about $50 in parts, driven by an Arduino. An Android phone handles camera, compute and connectivity. The software stack covers person following, autonomous navigation and training your own driving policies. Controllers include the phone, a browser, a gamepad and a Python controller.

FrodoBots sells EarthRover sidewalk robots (Mini+, Zero) with front and rear cameras, an IMU, GPS and 4G, built for remote-play gaming and embodied-AI data collection. The Mini+ weighs 1.4kg, is 4WD, turns in place, is rated IP34 and has a 12km range. Gamers' teleop drives became open datasets such as FrodoBots-2K (~2,000 hours across 10+ cities) and the Earth Rover Challenge benchmark.

Feetech (Shenzhen Feetech RC Model, founded 2011) makes PWM, TTL and RS485 serial bus servos and CAN servos. The STS3215 is the workhorse of SO-100/101, LeKiwi, Open Duck Mini and more: magnetic-encoder, 360-degree, about 19.5 kg.cm at 7.4V (12V/30 kg.cm variants exist). It reports position, speed, load, voltage, current and temperature on a daisy-chained bus. Larger 12V-24V RS485 models reach 260 kg.cm.

HUSKYLENS 2 is DFRobot's vision sensor built on the Kendryte K230 (dual-core 1.6GHz, 6 TOPS NPU) with 1GB RAM, 8GB eMMC, a 2MP 60FPS swappable camera and a 2.4-inch 640x480 touchscreen, plus mic and speaker. It ships with 20+ on-device models (face, gesture, pose and more), deploys custom YOLO models, and connects over Gravity I2C/UART and USB-C. An optional Wi-Fi 6 module enables streaming and an on-device MCP service.

OpenMV cams are quarter-sized microcontroller boards with a camera that you program in MicroPython via OpenMV IDE, running vision algorithms and AI models on-device. The OpenMV N6 uses an STM32N6 (800MHz Cortex-M55 plus a 600 GOPS NPU, YOLO at about 30 FPS) with H.264 encode and I2C, I3C, SPI, CAN and UART. The Cam RT1062 is the established NXP-based model. Both expose GPIO and servo pins so a script can sense, decide and act on its own.

Luxonis OAK cameras combine stereo depth, an RGB camera and an on-board AI accelerator, so detection, tracking and depth run on the camera with no host GPU. The OAK-D Lite ($269) has 4 TOPS (RVC2), a 13MP RGB sensor and a BMI270 IMU over USB. The OAK-D Pro adds active IR. The new OAK 4 line runs standalone with up to 52 TOPS, IP67 and PoE options.

reCamera is Seeed's modular open-hardware AI camera built on the SOPHGO SG2002 (1GHz RISC-V C906 core, 1 TOPS INT8 NPU), with a 5MP sensor and on-camera Linux. It ships with YOLOv11 and Node-RED for drag-and-drop vision flows and runs custom models. Core, sensor and base boards are swappable, with Wi-Fi, PoE, HQ and gimbal variants. The '2002w' adds Wi-Fi, and '64GB' is the eMMC size.

Grove Vision AI V2 is built on the Himax WiseEye2 HX6538: dual Arm Cortex-M55 cores with an Ethos-U55 microNPU. It has a CSI camera connector (OV5647 modules), a PDM mic, an SD slot, USB-C and a Grove (I2C/UART) port. You can deploy MobileNet, EfficientNet-lite and YOLOv5/v8 models without code via SenseCraft AI, or bring TensorFlow/PyTorch models, and pair it with XIAO, Arduino, ESP32 or a Raspberry Pi.

SLAMTEC's RPLIDAR A1 is a laser-triangulation 2D lidar that spins 360 degrees, measures 0.15-12m at up to 8,000 samples per second, and scans at an adjustable 2-10Hz (5.5Hz typical). It outputs 3.3V UART serial, usually through a bundled USB adapter, draws about 0.5W and weighs 170g. Its OPTMAG design replaces slip rings with wireless power and optical data for a longer life.

Stamp-sized embedded DSP board built on an STM32H7 ARM Cortex-M7 running at 480MHz, with 96kHz/24-bit stereo audio, 64MB SDRAM, 8MB flash, 31 GPIO, 12 16-bit ADC inputs and 2 12-bit DACs. Programmable in C++ (libDaisy/DaisySP), Arduino, Max/MSP gen~, and Pure Data; firmware is MIT-licensed and open.

Standalone open-source sound computer (Raspberry Pi Compute Module, quad-core, realtime Linux) with a 128x64 OLED, three encoders, three keys, stereo line I/O and USB host for grids, arc and MIDI. Instruments are Lua scripts that drive SuperCollider DSP engines; everything is edited and stored on-device.

Hard-real-time embedded audio and sensor platform (BeagleBone-based, Xenomai realtime Linux kernel using the PRU) with under-1ms round-trip latency, stereo audio plus 8 16-bit analog I/O and 16 digital GPIO. Projects are written in C++, Pure Data, SuperCollider, Csound or FAUST and run from a browser-based IDE; the newer Bela Gem line uses a quad-core PocketBeagle 2 at 24-bit/96kHz.

Open-source, Raspberry Pi-based synth and FX box running Linux with 50+ synth engines, 500+ audio effects, soundfonts and neural amp modeling across up to 16 MIDI+synth+FX chains. It has balanced stereo I/O, DIN MIDI In/Thru/Out, a touchscreen, encoders, and ships with a step sequencer, looper and multitrack recorder.

Battery-powered all-in-one synthesizer, sampler, drum machine and 4-track tape recorder with a fully stereo 32-bit signal path, multiple synth engines, FM radio, built-in speaker and 24-hour battery. Connectivity is USB-C (audio/MIDI host and device) plus Bluetooth LE MIDI; there is no open control/automation API.

Portable sampler, sequencer and composer with a 32-bit float internal signal chain, 46kHz/16-bit sampling, 128MB / 999 sample slots, 6 stereo / 12 mono voices, pressure-sensitive pads and Punch-in 2.0 effects. Connectivity is a stereo in/out, sync in/out, TRS-A MIDI In/Out and USB-C MIDI (device mode); it has no scripting or network API.

Battery-powered standalone groovebox running a streamlined MoveOS on a quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 (1.5GHz, 2GB RAM, 64GB storage), with 32 aftertouch pads, four tracks, Live's Drift/Wavetable/Drum/Melodic Sampler instruments, built-in speaker, mic and WiFi. It syncs Sets to Ableton Live/Note via Ableton Cloud and Link.

PicoADK is an RP2040-based audio development board (dual Cortex-M0+ overclockable to ~400MHz, 2-4MB flash, USB-C host/device) with a PCM5100A I2S DAC up to 32-bit and an 8-channel 12-bit SPI ADC usable for pots or Eurorack CV. It's programmed in C/C++ (Pico SDK), Arduino-Pico, the Vult DSP language, or CircuitPython/MicroPython.

Watchy is an OSHWA-certified, MIT-licensed smartwatch built on the ESP32-PICO-D4 with a 1.54-inch 200x200 monochrome E-Ink display, BMA423 accelerometer, WiFi, and BLE 4.2. It has a built-in USB-to-serial programmer and is written using the Arduino framework (also ESP-IDF, MicroPython, or Zephyr). Hardware, firmware, and case files are all open.

The PineTime is Pine64's open-development smartwatch built on a Nordic nRF52832 (Cortex-M4F) with a 1.3-inch 240x240 touch LCD, accelerometer, and PPG heart-rate sensor, rated IP67. It ships with InfiniTime, a community FreeRTOS/C++ firmware (GPLv3), and talks to phones over Bluetooth Low Energy. Firmware is fully buildable and flashable over SWD or BLE OTA.

Bangle.js 2 is an open, hackable smartwatch running Espruino's JavaScript interpreter on a Nordic nRF52840, with an always-on 1.3-inch reflective touchscreen, heart rate, GPS, compass, and barometer, rated IP67. Apps are written in JavaScript (or visually with Blockly) and uploaded wirelessly over Web Bluetooth with no toolchain. Its app loader and every app are free and open source.

Core Devices (rePebble), founded by original creator Eric Migicovsky, builds new Pebble watches after Google open-sourced PebbleOS (Apache-2.0) in January 2025. The full stack is open: the FreeRTOS-based PebbleOS firmware, the iOS/Android companion apps, hardware schematics (KiCad for the Pebble 2 Duo), and a modern browser-based SDK. Watches connect over Bluetooth LE and support multiple open app-store feeds.

The Oura Ring 4 is a titanium smart ring measuring sleep stages, readiness, HRV, resting heart rate, SpO2, body-temperature trend, and activity, water-resistant to 100 m with multi-day battery. Developers use the Oura API V2 — a documented OAuth 2.0 REST API with webhooks exposing 50+ metrics, including raw heart-rate and interbeat-interval time series. Data is cloud-only; there is no direct on-device access.

WHOOP 5.0 and the medical-grade WHOOP MG are screenless 24/7 straps tracking heart rate, HRV, respiratory rate, skin temperature, SpO2, and sleep to produce daily Strain and Recovery scores. The WHOOP Developer Platform offers an OAuth 2.0 REST API with webhooks covering cycles, recovery, sleep, workouts (with HR-zone duration), and body measurements, across WHOOP 4.0/5.0/MG and all membership tiers.

The Ultrahuman Ring AIR is a subscription-free smart ring tracking sleep stages, HRV, resting heart rate, skin temperature, SpO2, steps, and movement/recovery indexes, with a metabolic score and VO2 max. The UltraSignal / Partner API gives OAuth 2.0 REST access at partner.ultrahuman.com (scopes profile, ring_data, cgm_data), plus Personal API tokens for your own account; with the M1 CGM patch it adds continuous glucose.

Brilliant Labs Halo are open-source AI glasses running a Zephyr RTOS firmware on the Alif Balletto B1 (Cortex-M55, BLE 5.3, Ethos-U55 NPU) with a MIPI-DSI display, on-device Lua runtime, voice pipeline with echo cancellation, and BLE OTA updates. Owners can build modified firmware (west + Zephyr SDK) and flash signed images over the air. The same open Brilliant SDK (Python, Flutter, WebBluetooth) that drives Frame also supports Halo.

The Even Realities G2 are discreet display glasses with dual micro-LED projectors (one 576x288 canvas per lens), a four-mic array, temple touchpads, an optional R1 ring, and Bluetooth LE 5.2. The official Even Hub SDK (npm @evenrealities/even_hub_sdk) plus a CLI and desktop simulator let you build plugins as web apps (HTML/CSS/JS/TS) that run phone-side in a WebView and relay to the glasses over BLE. There is no camera.

The Plaud NotePin is a press-to-record wearable voice recorder (lanyard, wristband, clip, or pin) that syncs audio to the Plaud app for transcription and AI summaries in 112 languages with speaker diarization. Plaud's Developer Platform offers a transcription API and device SDK returning transcripts, summaries, and metadata as JSON, plus a Plaud MCP server and CLI for connecting agents to your own recordings; APIs can run in the cloud or self-hosted.

BUSY Bar is a programmable dual-screen LED pixel bar that shows a personal busy/focus message, runs a built-in Pomodoro timer, and activates automatically on calls, streams, or recordings. It runs fully open GPLv2 firmware built with FBT and ships with a documented C SDK for loading custom apps. It connects over USB virtual-LAN, Wi-Fi, or cloud and supports Matter.

The blink(1) mk3 is a small open-hardware USB RGB LED notification light with independently addressable top and bottom LEDs. The mk3 uses a newer USB chip allowing firmware upgrades over USB. It stores color patterns on-device and is driven as a standard USB HID device on virtually any OS that supports libusb/hidraw.

The Luxafor Flag 2 is a USB-C busy light with a flag-shaped RGB indicator for do-not-disturb and on-a-call signaling, plus built-in Pomodoro features in the companion app. It connects as a USB HID device and is also reachable through Luxafor's cloud Web API. The physical light is powered and driven entirely over its USB cable.

The Kuando Busylight UC Omega (by Plenom) is a USB presence light that signals online/busy status and can play tones, designed to auto-sync with 40+ UC platforms. It is a USB HID device (VID 0x27BB) powered over a long USB cable. Beyond presence it supports color, blink, pulse, and on-device light+tone programs.

MuteMe is an illuminated capacitive-touch button that mutes/unmutes your mic and glows to show mute state, syncing with popular conferencing apps via the MuteMe client. It's a USB HID device with published VID/PID pairs per batch. Beyond muting, the RGB button is a general-purpose touch input and status light.

Flic 2 is a Bluetooth Low Energy smart button supporting single, double, and hold presses. Paired to a phone or a Flic Hub LR, each press can run actions including HTTP requests. Advanced features like HomeKit and always-on operation require the Flic Hub LR.

The Stream Deck Neo is an 8-key macro pad with per-key 96x96 LCD images, a small info-bar LCD, and two capacitive touch sensors mapped as extra buttons. It's a USB 2.0 HID device programmable via Elgato's Stream Deck SDK (Node-based plugins) or directly over its documented HID protocol. A cheaper status/control surface than the larger decks.

The Ulanzi TC001 is a 32x8 RGB pixel smart clock that, reflashed with the open-source AWTRIX 3 firmware (Blueforcer, ESP32), becomes a hackable smart-home display. AWTRIX 3 is the current community firmware, superseding AWTRIX Light, and is flashed over USB-C with a browser web flasher. It renders rotating 'custom apps' (data pages) and interrupt notifications.

The Time Timer is a classic visual countdown: a red disk shrinks as time elapses, making remaining time obvious at a glance. The physical timers (Original, MOD, MAX, and plus variants) are set with a manual dial or buttons and have no wireless radio. It's a focus/time-boxing aid, not a connected device.

The TickTime Cube is a pocket timer with preset durations on its faces: flip the face you want up and a motion sensor starts the countdown; flip to pause or reset. The M and S buttons set custom minutes and seconds, and some modes run Pomodoro cycles on their own. It's deliberately standalone.

A low-profile 52-key split mechanical keyboard running open-source QMK firmware, configured visually in ZSA's web-based Oryx editor and flashed over USB-C. Hot-swap Kailh Choc switches, magnetic halves, and full layer/macro/combo support. Pairs with the Keymapp desktop app, which exposes a local API for live layer switching.

A full-size contoured split mechanical keyboard with a sculpted thumb cluster, hot-swap switches, and per-key RGB, running open-source QMK. Layouts are built in the Oryx web editor and flashed over USB-C, with layers, macros, tap-hold, and combos. The Keymapp companion app adds a local API for runtime control.

A gasket-mounted 75% aluminum keyboard with a knob, hot-swap Gateron switches, and triple connectivity (2.4GHz, Bluetooth for up to 3 devices, and wired). It runs open-source QMK and is remappable live in VIA, with up to 1000Hz polling. Fully assembled it sells around $229.99.

An 80% (TKL) gasket-mounted keyboard using Hall-effect magnetic switches that report analog key depth, with adjustable actuation to 0.1mm, Rapid Trigger, and true 8kHz polling. It's tuned in the Wootility app and has an LED status bar. Switches are hot-swappable with screw-in stabilizers.

A compact QMK/VIA macro pad with a knob and a grid of keys, fully remappable, now explicitly marketed as an AI-agent controller. Its 'Agent Keys' dynamically show agent task state (idle, thinking, complete, needs input, error) and 'Command Keys' accept/reject outputs, push-to-talk, and trigger custom actions. Keys take icon keycaps for physical labeling.

A pad of customizable LCD keys (15 on the MK.2) where each key shows an icon and triggers an action. Elgato ships an official Stream Deck SDK with a CLI, a WebSocket-based plugin API, and a marketplace of community plugins. Plugins are typically Node.js and can both set key images and react to presses.

A family of open-source trackballs (Adept, Classic 2, Mini, Nano, Thumb) plus a Knob and trackpad, sold as kits or assembled. All design files and firmware are published, and the pointing devices run QMK so sensor behavior, buttons, and scroll are editable. Pricing is in CAD, roughly CAD $40-$150 depending on model.

An open-source input device (scottbez1) pairing a brushless gimbal motor with a magnetic encoder for closed-loop torque feedback, so detents and endstops are created in software and can change on the fly. The 'View' build adds a 240x240 round LCD, RGB LEDs, and press detection, powered by an ESP32 over USB-C. It's a DIY/advanced-hobbyist project, not a finished product.

A two-piece macro controller: a keypad of LCD-ish action keys plus a separate dialpad, aimed at creative apps and managed in Logi Options+. Logitech runs the Logi Actions SDK and a Marketplace of plugins, profiles, and icon packs. It sells for about $199.99.

A contoured, adjustable split mechanical keyboard with sculpted thumb clusters, tenting, hot-swap switches, and an orthogonal layout. The Pro model runs ZMK, the open-source wireless keyboard firmware, which power users customize via GitHub; the standard model instead uses onboard SmartSet/Clique programming. It starts around $499.

WLED is community-maintained firmware (originally by Aircoookie) that turns an ESP32 into a Wi-Fi controller for addressable LEDs such as WS2812B, SK6812, WS2815 and APA102, plus analog PWM strips and HUB75 panels. It ships 200+ effects, 50+ palettes, 2D matrix mapping, segments, up to 250 presets and playlists, and audio-reactive effects built in. Control comes over a JSON API, an HTTP request API, MQTT with Home Assistant discovery, and E1.31, Art-Net and DDP for realtime pixel streaming.

QuinLED is a line of DIY and pre-assembled LED controllers designed by Quindor, built around the ESP32 and optimized for WLED. The range covers digital addressable boards (Dig-Uno, Dig-Quad, Dig-Next-2, the stackable Dig-Octa system with Ethernet and PoE options), analog PWM dimmers (An-Penta family), and Diff-Solo/Diff-Adv boards that send pixel data differentially over long cable runs. Boards include per-channel fuses, level shifting, optional relays and microphone inputs, and the site doubles as one of the best references on LED power injection and wiring.

Athom's WLED music controller is a compact ESP32-WROOM-32E (8MB flash) board that ships with WLED and a built-in PDM digital microphone for sound-reactive effects. It accepts 5-48V DC, has four LED output channels, an onboard 3.3V-to-5V level shifter, a 16A relay to cut strip power, fuse protection, and optional IR or ESP-NOW remotes. It is fully WLED compatible, so the web UI, apps, JSON API and Home Assistant all work out of the box.

AWTRIX NG is Blueforcer's from-scratch successor to AWTRIX 3, turning cheap ESP32 or ESP32-S3 LED-matrix clocks (32 to 128 pixels wide, 8 tall, WS2812-style) into small networked displays. It does push notifications and custom apps over HTTP and MQTT, colored scrolling text, JPEG/GIF icons, charts, 19 effects, sound via RTTTL/MP3/DFPlayer, and Home Assistant MQTT auto-discovery. The headline feature is on-device apps written in the Berry scripting language, edited in the browser, that can fetch HTTP, talk MQTT and Modbus TCP, and survive reboots.

hzeller's rpi-rgb-led-matrix is a C++ library that drives common HUB75 RGB LED panels (16x32 up to 128x64) directly from Raspberry Pi GPIO, with up to 11-bit PWM per channel and three parallel chains of many panels each. It includes Python bindings (overhauled in 2026), community Node.js and C# bindings, and ready-made utilities for images, video and scrolling text. Raspberry Pi 5 support has been added via RP1 RIO and PIO backends.

The Open Lighting Architecture (OLA) is a framework for controlling entertainment lighting, abstracting DMX512 hardware and network protocols such as Art-Net and sACN (E1.31) behind one daemon. It consists of olad, a set of plugins for USB widgets and network protocols, and the libola client library, with C++ and Python APIs (plus an experimental Java library). It can also act as a protocol converter, for example bridging Art-Net or sACN to a physical DMX line through a USB-DMX interface.

ENTTEC's Open DMX USB is a no-frills interface with a USB Type-B port and a 5-pin XLR DMX output, controlling one universe of 512 channels. It uses an FTDI chip with drivers for Windows, macOS and Linux, is built from folded aluminum, and carries a 3-year warranty. It has no onboard processor, firmware or standalone playback, so the host computer generates the DMX stream.

Nanoleaf Lines, Shapes, Canvas and Elements are modular Wi-Fi LED panels controlled by a local HTTP REST API (the OpenAPI) on TCP port 16021, with newer models also supporting Matter over Wi-Fi or Thread. A one-time pairing (hold the controller button 5-7 seconds, then POST to /api/v1/new) returns a permanent auth token; there is no cloud round trip for control.

Many Govee light strips, bulbs and lamps expose an official LAN API: a UDP protocol where the device joins multicast 239.255.255.250 and listens on port 4001 for discovery, replies on 4002, and takes control commands on port 4003. It must be enabled per-device (Govee Home app, LAN Control toggle) and only some models support it; the LAN path covers power, brightness, color and color temperature, with the cloud API as fallback.

LIFX makes Wi-Fi RGBW bulbs, strips and panels that need no hub. They speak a fully documented binary LAN protocol over UDP port 56700 — little-endian packed messages for discovery, state queries and control — and also offer a REST-style HTTP cloud API. Discovery is by UDP broadcast (GetService), with mDNS (_lifx._udp) on newer firmware.

Sonoff (by ITEAD) sells inexpensive ESP8266/ESP32-based Wi-Fi switches, relays and plugs. Stock firmware uses the eWeLink cloud, but because they run Espressif chips, most Wi-Fi models (Basic, Mini, S31, POW, TH and the newer R4 line) can be flashed with ESPHome or Tasmota for fully local control via MQTT, a web UI or the native ESPHome API. Newer R4 models offer OTA flashing through DIY mode; older ones need a USB-serial flash.

The Aqara FP2 is a 2.4GHz Wi-Fi mmWave presence sensor that tracks multiple people across up to 30 configurable zones in a ~40 m2 room, with a built-in light sensor and fall detection. It pairs natively as a HomeKit accessory, so Home Assistant can add it over the LAN via the HomeKit Controller integration with no Aqara hub. Since firmware 1.1.6 day-to-day presence and zone reporting run fully locally; only the initial zone drawing needs the Aqara app (cloud login).

The RuuviTag is a battery BLE sensor beacon (temperature, humidity, pressure, acceleration, battery) that broadcasts its readings in the clear as manufacturer-specific advertisement data — no pairing or connection required. The data formats are openly documented (RAWv2 / format 5 under manufacturer ID 0x0499), so any BLE-capable host can decode them passively, and one receiver can listen to many tags at once.

The Aranet4 is a low-power BLE CO2, temperature, humidity and pressure monitor with an e-ink display. It exposes a documented GATT interface: connect over Bluetooth LE and read the current-readings characteristic (UUID f0cd3001-95da-4f4b-9ac8-aa55d312af0c) for CO2, temp, pressure, humidity, battery and interval, or pull stored history. With 'Smart Home integrations' enabled it also broadcasts current readings in BLE advertisements. All reads are local; no cloud account is required.

ThirdReality (3reality) makes low-cost Zigbee 3.0 and Matter smart plugs (with real-time energy monitoring), motion/contact/vibration sensors and switches. They're an official Works-with-Home-Assistant partner: the Zigbee models pair directly to any Zigbee coordinator via ZHA or Zigbee2MQTT for fully local control (no vendor cloud), and the plugs double as Zigbee mesh repeaters. A Zigbee coordinator/stick is required.

SwitchBot makes bots (physical button pushers), curtains, locks, meters and motion/contact sensors. There are two interfaces: an open local BLE protocol (the published SwitchBotAPI-BLE / node-switchbot) that controls and reads BLE devices directly with no cloud, and the cloud OpenAPI (api.switch-bot.com, HMAC-SHA256 auth) which requires a SwitchBot Hub plus Cloud Service enabled for BLE devices. The cloud API is cloud-only; true local control comes from the BLE protocol or Home Assistant's local Bluetooth integration.

Terminus is TRMNL's flagship open-source Build Your Own Server (BYOS), a Ruby/Hanami web app (PostgreSQL, Sidekiq, Valkey) that replaces the TRMNL cloud for devices on your own network. It manages devices, screens, playlists, extensions, models and firmware, and turns HTML/CSS (or an image URL) into correctly sized, greyscaled bitmaps for the panel. It ships with a Docker quick-start, Raspberry Pi and Kubernetes docs, and supports virtual devices if you have no hardware yet.

The open-source (GPL-3.0) PlatformIO/Arduino firmware for TRMNL e-paper displays, starting with the ESP32-C3-based TRMNL OG and extending to the ESP32-S3 TRMNL X. The device wakes on a timer, polls a server for an image URL and refresh rate, draws the bitmap, and deep-sleeps; it also handles Wi-Fi captive-portal setup, OTA firmware updates and log upload. The build targets go well beyond TRMNL's own hardware, including Seeed XIAO DIY kits, reTerminal E1003, LilyGo T5 Pro, M5 PaperS3 and Xteink e-readers.

Tronbyt Server is a Go app that replaces Tidbyt's cloud backend: it runs Pixlet (Starlark) apps locally, renders them into small animated WebPs, and serves them to devices on your LAN. It supports Tidbyt Gen1 and Gen2 (after flashing Tronbyt firmware generated from its web UI), Tronbyt S3, Adafruit MatrixPortal S3 boards, and Raspberry Pi-driven HUB75 LED matrices. It runs via Docker, Homebrew, or a Home Assistant add-on, and exposes Prometheus metrics at /metrics.

InkyPi is an open-source (GPL-3.0) Raspberry Pi project that turns a Pi 4, 3 or Zero 2 W plus a Pimoroni Inky or Waveshare e-paper panel into a glare-free, configurable display. A Flask web interface lets you schedule playlists of plugins: clock, weather, calendar (Google, Outlook, Apple), newspaper front pages, comics, RSS, image albums, AI image and text, and a screenshot plugin that renders any URL. Plugins are plain Python classes that return a PIL image, so adding your own is simple.

The official Python library (pip install inky, MIT licensed) for Pimoroni's Inky pHAT (250x122), Inky wHAT (400x300) and the full-color Inky Impression range from 4.0 to 13.3 inches on Raspberry Pi. inky.auto reads the board's EEPROM to detect model, resolution and color palette automatically. The API is minimal: set_image() with a PIL image, optional set_border(), then show().

The Arduino library for the Inkplate family of open-hardware, ESP32-based e-paper displays from Soldered (formerly e-radionica): Inkplate 2, 4 TEMPERA, 5, 6, 6PLUS, 6COLOR, 6FLICK and 10, depending on model with touch, front light, RTC, SD card and Li-ion charging. It handles BW and greyscale modes, text, graphics, HTTP/HTTPS fetches, deep sleep and touchpads, with example projects like a Google Calendar, weather station and crypto tracker. MicroPython and LVGL libraries are also available.

The reTerminal E1001 is a ready-made 7.5-inch, 800x480 monochrome e-paper display built on an ESP32-S3 with 8MB PSRAM and 32MB flash, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.0. It packs temperature and humidity sensors, a buzzer, a microphone reserved for future voice features, a microSD slot, three buttons, an 8-pin expansion header (UART, I2C, GPIO) and a 2000 mAh battery Seeed rates for up to about three months. It ships with Seeed's SenseCraft no-code dashboard platform and also supports Home Assistant (via ESPHome), TRMNL, Arduino and ESP-IDF.

Presto is a ready-built desktop display from Pimoroni: a 4-inch 480x480 IPS capacitive touchscreen driven by an RP2350B (dual Cortex-M33 at 150MHz, 520KB SRAM) with 16MB flash and 8MB PSRAM, in a black anodized aluminium stand. A Raspberry Pi RM2 module adds 2.4GHz Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and seven SK6812 RGB LEDs on the back cast ambient light; there is also a piezo speaker, microSD slot, Qw/ST (Qwiic/STEMMA QT) port and a 3-5.5V battery connector. It ships with MicroPython, a launcher and examples, and can also be programmed in C/C++.

Music Assistant is a free, self-hosted music server from the Open Home Foundation. It merges streaming services (Spotify, TIDAL, Qobuz, Apple Music, YouTube Music, Plex, Jellyfin, Subsonic and more), local files, radio and podcasts into one library. It plays to almost any speaker, including AirPlay, Chromecast, Sonos, Snapcast, Squeezelite, DLNA, HEOS and MusicCast, keeps queues on the server and supports synced groups. It runs as a Home Assistant add-on or a Docker container, and plugins add Party mode, a Music Quiz, lyrics and an alpha AI Radio DJ.

Snapcast is an open-source client-server system that turns any audio source into Sonos-style synced multiroom playback. Snapserver reads PCM from pipes, ALSA, PipeWire, TCP, librespot (Spotify), AirPlay or any process's stdout. It sends FLAC/Opus/Vorbis/PCM chunks to snapclients, which continuously sync their clocks and correct drift by adding or dropping single samples. Typical deviation is under 0.2ms, and it runs on Linux, macOS, Android, OpenWrt and even Raspberry Pi Zeros.

Volumio is a music player distribution from Florence, Italy. It turns a Raspberry Pi, Tinker Board or PC into a network streamer with a web UI that combines local files, NAS shares, web radio and services like TIDAL, Qobuz and Spotify. It is aimed at bit-perfect playback through USB or I2S DACs, has Node.js plugins, and also ships in Volumio's own hardware streamers (Primo, Rivo, Integro). The base software is free, and MyVolumio subscription tiers add premium features.

Jellyfin is a volunteer-built, GPL-licensed media server that organizes and streams your own movies, shows, music, books, photos and live TV/DVR to web, desktop, Android, Apple, Roku, Kodi and other clients. It handles hardware transcoding (VAAPI, Intel QSV, NVENC and others), multiple users, and SyncPlay for watching together remotely. There are no fees, no tracking and no central servers.

Kodi is a GPL media center with a 10-foot UI for TVs and remotes. It plays almost any video or music format, runs on Linux, Windows, macOS, Android, iOS and tvOS, and supports PVR backends like Tvheadend, emulators, skins and a large Python add-on ecosystem. LibreELEC is a minimal Linux distro that boots straight into Kodi on Raspberry Pi, x86 and other boards. The current release is LibreELEC 12.2.1 with Kodi 21.3 Omega.

SoCo (Sonos Controller) is an open-source Python library that discovers and controls Sonos speakers over the local network without the Sonos cloud. It covers play/pause/volume, playing a URI, queue management, grouping and party mode, alarms, sleep timers, EQ, night and dialog mode, the status light, event subscriptions, and low-level access to Sonos UPnP services. Install it with pip install soco (Python 3.8+). Note that Sonos's auth changes have broken some streaming services through SoCo, including Spotify and Apple Music.

Home Assistant Voice Preview Edition is a small speaker built on an ESP32-S3 (16 MB flash, 8 MB octal PSRAM) plus an XMOS XU316 audio processor for echo cancellation, noise removal and auto gain, with dual mics, a hardware mute switch, rotary volume dial, LED ring and a 3.5 mm stereo out through a TI AIC3204 DAC. It ships with ESPHome, and firmware for both the ESP32 and XMOS chip is open source.

Satellite1 combines an ESP32-S3 (16 MB flash, 8 MB PSRAM) with an XMOS XU316 audio processor, a 4-mic far-field array, a TAS2780 amp (up to 25W) and line out, plus temperature/humidity (AHT20), light (LTR-303ALS) and optional LD2410/LD2450 mmWave presence sensors. It comes as a DIY Dev Kit (Core + HAT boards) or a pre-assembled Satellite1.1 speaker with a 2-way driver and Snapcast multi-room audio.

Seeed's reSpeaker built on the XMOS XVF3800: a circular 4-mic array with 360-degree pickup up to about 5 m and onboard AEC, AGC, direction of arrival, VAD, dereverberation, beamforming and noise suppression. It works as a plug-and-play USB audio device or over I2S, optionally with a XIAO ESP32-S3 attached.

Seeed's reSpeaker Lite has two digital mics and an XMOS XU316 running interference cancellation, echo cancellation, noise suppression and AGC for far-field capture up to about 3 m. It connects to a PC or Raspberry Pi as a USB Audio Class 2.0 device, or over I2S to a XIAO ESP32-S3 or QT Py; it has no MCU of its own.

Wyoming is a peer-to-peer TCP protocol for voice assistants: each event is a one-line JSON header followed by optional extra data and a binary payload, usually PCM audio. It covers audio, wake word, STT, TTS, intent and satellite events, and Home Assistant uses it (since 2023.5) to talk to Whisper, Piper, openWakeWord and remote satellites.

Piper is a local neural TTS engine that runs VITS-based voices exported to ONNX and embeds espeak-ng for phonemization. It installs with pip install piper-tts and offers a CLI, a web server, a Python API and a C/C++ library, with many voices across dozens of languages and tools for training your own.

Shelly makes in-wall relays, dimmers, plugs and energy meters that sit behind existing switches and expose everything on the LAN. Gen2+ devices (Plus, Pro, Gen3, Gen4) speak a JSON-RPC API over HTTP, WebSocket and MQTT, and can run JavaScript scripts on the device itself; Gen1 uses a simpler HTTP REST API. Gen3 adds Matter on many models and Gen4 adds multi-protocol radios including Zigbee.

The Shelly Pro 3EM is a DIN-rail energy meter with three clamp-on current transformers (63A, 120A or 400A variants) for single- or three-phase panels, reporting voltage, current, power factor and imported/returned energy in real time. It is ESP32-based with Ethernet, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (for provisioning) and stores at least 60 days of 1-minute data locally for export.

Athom sells smart plugs, wall switches, bulbs, LED controllers and sensors that ship pre-flashed with ESPHome, Tasmota, WLED or HomeKit firmware, so there is no soldering or cloud account. The range includes ESP8285 plugs with power monitoring, ESP32-C3 and dual-band ESP32-C5 plugs, mmWave presence sensors, ESP32 RF433/IR remotes with BLE proxy, BTHome buttons, and Ethernet WLED controllers.

Sonoff (by ITEAD) makes low-cost Wi-Fi relays, wall switches, plugs, Zigbee sensors and the popular Zigbee 3.0 USB dongles used with Zigbee2MQTT and Home Assistant ZHA. Stock devices use the eWeLink cloud app, but many support an official DIY Mode with a local HTTP API discovered via mDNS, and most ESP-based models can be reflashed with Tasmota or ESPHome.

Apollo Automation makes ESP32-C3 based, ESPHome-powered sensors that work fully locally. The MSR-2 combines an HLK-LD2410B 24GHz mmWave radar, LTR-390 lux/UV sensor, DPS310 temperature/pressure, RGB LEDs, a buzzer and an optional SCD40 CO2 module; the AIR-1 pairs a Sensirion SEN55 (PM1/2.5/4/10, VOC, NOx, temp, humidity) with optional SCD40 CO2 and MiCS-4514 gas sensing.

Everything Presence One (EP1) from Everything Smart Technology is an ESP32-WROOM-32E sensor combining a DFRobot SEN0395/SEN0609 24GHz mmWave radar (up to ~9 m) with a Panasonic PIR (up to ~12 m). It also carries an SHTC3 temperature/humidity sensor, a BH1750 light sensor and Bluetooth for BLE tracking or proxying, and runs ESPHome.

ESPresense is open-source firmware that turns inexpensive ESP32 boards into Bluetooth Low Energy presence nodes, one per room, which estimate distance to phones, watches and BLE tags and publish it to MQTT. It supports Home Assistant MQTT discovery, fingerprint-based IDs, and IRK enrollment so Apple devices can be tracked despite random private addresses; the optional ESPresense-companion service trilaterates X/Y positions on a floor plan.

ratgdo is a small Wi-Fi control board that wires into the wall-button terminals of Chamberlain/LiftMaster openers and speaks their Security+ 1.0/2.0 serial protocol directly, with dry-contact support for other brands. It reports true door state (open, closing, closed, opening), position, obstruction, light, lockout and motion, and runs open firmware for ESPHome, MQTT or native HomeKit. The ratgdo32 disco adds a laser vehicle-presence sensor and a beeper.

Konnected's GDO blaQ is a commercial smart garage controller for Chamberlain, LiftMaster, Craftsman and Merlin openers using Security+ 1.0 or 2.0 (red, purple, yellow learn buttons), with local, cloud-optional control. It is built on ESPHome and works with Home Assistant, SmartThings, Alexa, Hubitat and HomeSeer; Security+ 3.0 openers (white learn button) are not supported.